A-Z List

A

• Air Ambulance Services in the United States: A Study of Private and Medicare Claims (FAIR Health, 2021)
• Association of Surprise-Billing Legislation with Prices Paid to In-Network and Out-of-Network Anesthesiologists in California, Florida, and New York (JAMA Internal Medicine, 2021)
• Are Surprise Billing Payments Likely to Lead to Inflation in Health Spending? (The Commonwealth Fund, 2021)
• Arbitration Over Out-of-Network Medical Bills: Evidence From New Jersey Payment Disputes (Health Affairs, 2021)
• Analysis of the No Surprises Act (Congressional Budget Office, 2021)
• Addressing Surprise Billing by Setting Payment Standards for Out-of-Network Providers (Commonwealth Fund, 2020)
• A Polling Surprise? Americans Rank Unexpected Medical Bills at the Top of Family Budget Worries (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2020)
• A Targeted Approach to Surprise Medical Billing (Galen Institute, 2019)
• A Texas-Sized Problem – How to Limit Out-of-Control Surprise Medical Billing (Center on Public Policy Priorities, 2017)
• Addressing Surprise Medical Bills Without Raising the Cost of Health Care (RAND, 2019)
• Advocate’s Guide to Addressing Payment in Balance Billing Legislation (Community Catalyst, 2019)
• Air Ambulances – 10 Year Trends in Costs and Use (Health Care Cost Institute, 2019)
• Air Ambulance: Available Data Show Privately-Insured Patients Are at Financial Risk (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2019)
• American Heart Association Supports Key Provisions in the Lowering Health Care Costs Act of 2019 (American Heart Association, 2019)
• An Examination of Surprise Medical Bills and Proposals to Protect Consumers from Them (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2019)
• Analysis of Impacts on Out-of-Network Arbitration in New York and New Jersey (MAXIMUS, 2020)
• Analyzing New Bipartisan Federal Legislation Limiting Surprise Medical Bills (Health Affairs Blog, 2018)
• Analyzing The House E&C Committee’s Bipartisan Surprise Out-Of-Network Billing Proposal  (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Are Air Ambulances Truly Flying Out of Reach? Surprise Billing Policy and the Airline Deregulation Act (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• ASA Endorses New Bipartisan Surprise Medical Bill Proposal (American Society of Anesthesiologists, 2019)
• Assessment of Out-of-Network Billing for Privately Insured Patients Receiving Care in In-Network Hospitals (JAMA Internal Medicine, 2019)

B

• Balance Billing – Current Legal Landscape and Proposed Federal Solutions (Congressional Research Service, 2019)
• Balance Billing – How Are States Protecting Consumers from Unexpected Charges (Center on Health Insurance Reforms, 2015)
• Balance Billing by Health Care Providers – Assessing Consumer Protections Across States (Commonwealth Fund, 2017)
• Balanced Billing Protection Act Arbitration Proceedings: Annual Report (Washington Insurance Commissioner, 2021)
• Balanced Billing Protection Act Arbitration Proceedings: Annual Report (Washington Insurance Commissioner, 2020)
• Balance Billing Protections: Senate Bill 1264 Biennial Report (Texas Department of Insurance, 2020)
• Banning Surprise Bills, Part 1: A New Rule On Independent Dispute Resolution (Health Affairs, 2021)
• Banning Surprise Bills, Part 2: Good Faith Estimates, External Review, And More (Health Affairs, 2021)
• Banning Surprise Bills: Biden Administration Issues First Rule on the No Surprises Act (Health Affairs Blog, 2021)
• Breaking Down The Bipartisan Senate Group’s New Proposal To Address Surprise Billing (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)

C

• California Compromise to Stop Surprise Medical Bills is Working and is the Best Solution for a Federal Fix (Community Catalyst, 2019)
• California Saw Reduction in Out-of-Network Care from Affected Specialties after 2017 Surprise Billing Law (Brookings Institute, 2019)
• Can We Stop Surprise Medical Bills and Strengthen Provider Networks? California Did (American Journal of Managed Care, 2019)
• Cancer Patients Need Protection from Surprise Medical Bills (American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network, 2019)
• Chairman Richard E. Neal, U.S. House Ways & Means Committee, Letter re: Surprise Billing Legislation (Sept. 2019)
  
• Changes in Emergency Physician Service Prices after Connecticut’s 2016 Surprise Billing Law (Brookings, 2021)
• Commentary: Surprise Billing Legislation Should Lower Consumer Costs and Federal Costs (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2019)
• Comparing Federal Legislation on Surprise Billing (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
• Congress Needs to Act Immediately to Stop Surprise Medical Bills, Says National Campaign (Families USA, 2019)
• Congress Should Force the Medical-Industrial Complex to End Surprise Bills (RealClear Policy, 2019)
• Congress’ Current Approach to Surprise Medical Billing Could Have Unintended Consequences (Heritage Foundation, 2019)
• Consumer Reports Urges House Energy and Commerce Committee to Protect Patients from Surprise Medical Bills (Consumer Reports, 2019)
• Consumers, Businesses, and Insurance Providers Come Together to Protect Americans from Surprise Medical Bills (2018)
• Cost Estimate: H.R. 5826, the Consumer Protections Against Surprise Medical Bills Act of 2020 (Congressional Budget Office, 2020)
• Cost Estimate: H.R. 2328, including the No Surprises Act (Congressional Budget Office, 2019)
  
• Cost Estimate: S.1895, Lower Health Care Costs Act (Congressional Budget Office, 2019)
• Cost Estimate: S.1895, Lower Health Care Costs Act (Congressional Budget Office, 2019)

D

• Debunking Myths in the Surprise Billing Debate (Arnold Ventures, 2020)
• Department of Transportation Hosts the Inaugural Meeting of Committee to Advise on Air Ambulance Billing Issues (CHIRblog, 2020)
• Disputes Over Dispute Resolution: Analyses of New York and California-Style Surprise Billing Protections Offer Divergent Pictures (Center on Health Insurance Reforms, 2019)

E

• Emergency Physicians Recover a Higher Share of Charges From Out-of-Network Care Than From In-Network Care (Health Affairs, 2021)
• Ending Surprise Balance Billing: Steps to Protect Patients and Reduce Excessive Health Care Costs (Community Catalyst, 2019)
• Experience with New York’s Arbitration Process for Surprise Out-of-Network Bills (Brookings Institute, 2019)

F

• Filling a Gap in the No Surprises Act: What are States Doing to Protect Consumers from Out-of-Network Ground Ambulance Bills? (CHIRblog, 2021)
• Frequency and Costs of Out-of-Network Bills for Outpatient Laboratory Services Among Privately Insured Patients (JAMA, Internal Medicine, 2021)
• Families Need Congress to Stop Surprise Medical Bills Now (Families USA, 2019)
• Federal “Balance Billing” Legislation: Constitutional Implications (Kirkland & Ellis, 2019)
• Federal Policy To End Surprise Billing – Building On Prior Approaches (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Federal Surprise Billing Legislation Does Not Violate the Constitution (Brookings, 2019)
• Framework To Protect Emergency Patients From Out-Of-Network Billing Issues (American College of Emergency Physicians, 2019)

G

H

• HB 19-1174 Report on Out-of-Network Utilization and Implementation by the Colorado Division of Insurance (Colorado Division of Insurance, 2021)
• High Air Ambulance Charges Concentrated in Private Equity-Owned Carriers (Brookings Institution, 2020)
• HHS Secretary’s Report On Addressing Surprise Medical Billing (ASPE, 2020)
• Hold Patients Harmless from Surprise Medical Bills (Community Catalyst, 2019)
• How Often Do Providers Bill Out of Network? (Health Care Cost Institute, 2020)
• How States Are Using Independent Dispute Resolution to Resolve Out-of-Network Payments in Surprise Billing (Commonwealth Fund, 2020)

I

• Implementing the No Surprises Act: Implications for States (CHIR Presentation to National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2021)
• Incorrect Provider Directories Associated With Out-of-Network Mental Health Care and Outpatient Surprise Bills (Health Affairs, 2020)
• Influence of Out-of-Network Payment Standards on Insurer-Provider Bargaining: California’s Experience (RAND, 2019)

J

• Joint Statement: Health Policy Experts Discourage Open-Ended Arbitration as Solution to Surprise Billing (Manhattan Institute, 2019)

K

• Keeping Surprise Billing Out of Coronavirus Treatment (Health Affairs Blog, 2020)

L

• Letter to the Air Ambulance and Patient Billing Advisory Committee (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2021)
• Letter to Congress from Businesses and Labor Unions (2020)
• Letter to Congress (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2020)
• Letter to Congressional Committees (House Education and Labor, House Energy and Commerce, House Ways and Means, Senate HELP), Congressional Leadership (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2020)
• Letter to House Members from State Insurance Commissioners on Air Ambulances (Nov. 2019)
• Letter to Congress from Business Coalition (Business Group on Health, 2019)
• Letter to Senate Members from State Insurance Commissioners on Air Ambulances (Sept. 2019)
• Letter to Congress from Hospital Coalition (Apr. 2019)
• Letter to Congress from Hospital Coalition (Feb. 2019)
• Letter to Congress from Hospital Coalition (Jun. 2019)
• Letter to Congress from Multi-Stakeholder Coalition (Including American Benefits Council, AHIP, BCBSA, National Business Group on Health, etc.) (2019)
• Lower Health Care Costs Act Would Address Surprise Medical Billing (American Enterprise Institute, 2019)

M

• Most Patients Undergoing Ground and Air Ambulance Transportation Receive Sizable Out-of-Network Bills (Health Affairs, 2020)

N

• No More Surprises – New Legislation on Out-of-Network Billing (New England Journal of Medicine, 2021)
• NAIC Recommendation on the Definition of “Geographic Regions” (National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2021)
• New National Poll: Voters Want Permanent Surprise Billing Ban (Coalition Against Surprise Medical Billing, 2020)
• New Surprise Billing Regulations Create a Dispute Resolution Process Designed to Decrease the Risk of Higher Prices and Premiums for Consumers (The Commonwealth Fund, 2021)
• New York’s 2014 Law to Protect Consumers from Surprise Out-of-Network Bills Mostly Working as Intended – Results of a Case Study (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2019)
• New York’s Efforts to Reform Surprise Medical Billing (New York State Health Foundation, 2019)
• New York’s Surprise Out-of-Network Protection Law: Report on the Independent Dispute Resolution Process (New York State Department of Financial Services, 2019)

O

• One In Five Inpatient Emergency Department Cases May Lead to Surprise Bills (Health Affairs, 2017)
• Out-of-Network Air Ambulance Bills: Prevalence, Magnitude, and Policy Solutions (Milbank Quarterly, 2020)
• Out-of-Network Billing and Negotiated Payments for Hospital-Based Physicians (Health Affairs, 2019)
• Out-of-Network Bills for Privately Insured Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery with In-Network Primary Surgeons and Facilities (JAMA, 2020)
• Out-of-Network Emergency-Physician Bills – An Unwelcome Surprise (New England Journal of Medicine, 2016)
• Out‐of‐Network Physicians – How Prevalent Are Involuntary Use and Cost Transparency (Health Services Research, 2012)
• Out-of-Network Spending: Why Growing Attention Is Focused On A Small Share of Medical Spending (Health Affairs, 2020)
• Out-of-Network Spending Mostly Declined in Privately Insured Populations with a Few Notable Exceptions from 2008 to 2016 (Health Affairs, 2020)

P

• Patient Experiences with Involuntary Out-of-Network Care (Health Services Research, 2013)
• Patients Protected, Providers Paid: Data from Three Years of California’s Compromise to Stop Surprise Medical Bills (Health Access, 2019)
  
• Patients’ Success in Negotiating Out-of-Network Bills (American Journal of Managed Care, 2016)
• Policies to Address Surprise Billing Can Affect Health Insurance Premiums (American Journal of Managed Care, 2020)
• President Donald J. Trump Wants to Protect Patients and Their Families From Surprise Billing (White House, 2019)
• Prevalence and Characteristics of Surprise Out-of-Network Bills from Professionals in Ambulatory Surgery Centers (Health Affairs, 2020)
• Private Equity and Powerful Physician Groups Raise Another Distraction (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Private Equity and Surprise Medical Billing (Institute for New Economic Thinking, 2019)
• Private Equity-Owned Air Ambulances Receive Higher Payments, Generate Larger and More Frequent Surprise Bills (Brookings, 2021)
• Proposed Rule on No Surprises Act Focuses on Data Collection and Enforcement (Health Affairs, 2021)
• Protecting Consumers from Surprise Ambulance Bills (Commonwealth Fund, 2021)
• Protecting Consumers from Surprise Medical Bills: Considerations for Governors  (National Governors Association, 2019)
• Protecting Patients from Surprise Medical Bills  (America’s Health Insurance Plans, 2019)
• Putting Surprise Billing Protections Into Practice: Biden Administration Releases First Set of Regulations (The Commonwealth Fund, 2021)

Q

R

• Recommendations for Implementing the No Surprises Act (Brookings, 2021)
• Real World Consequences of the Qualifying Payment Amount in the No Surprises Act (Health Care Cost Institute, 2021)
• Regulating Out-of-Network Hospital Emergency Prices: Problem and Potential Benchmarks (Health Affairs Blog, 2020)
• Report to the Governor and Legislature: Out-of-Network Consumer Protection, Transparency, Cost Containment and Accountability Act (New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance, 2019)
• Rep. Ruiz’s Arbitration Proposal For Surprise Billing (H.R. 3502) Would Lead To Much Higher Costs And Deficits (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Resolving Surprise Medical Bills (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Restraining Balance Billing by Air Ambulance Providers: CHIR Keeps Up with Federal Advisory Committee and Regulatory Actions (CHIRblog, 2021)
• Rulemaking For Health Care Affordability: Implementing The No Surprises Act (Health Affairs, 2021)

S

• Surprise Medical Bills: New Protections for Consumers Take Effect in 2022 (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2021)
• Summary of the No Surprises Act (Commonwealth Fund, 2021)
• Surprise Billing Protections: Help Finally Arrives for Millions of Americans (Commonwealth Fund, 2020)
• Senate Bill 1264: Six-Month Preliminary Report (Texas Department of Insurance, 2020)
• Solutions for Air Ambulance Surprise Billing in Holding Pattern (JAMA, 2020)
• Solving Surprise Medical Billing (American Enterprise Institute, 2019)
• Splitting the Baby: Design Considerations for Federal Balance Billing Legislation (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Stalled Federal Efforts to End Surprise Billing – The Role of Private Equity (New England Journal of Medicine, 2020)
• State Policies for Addressing Surprise Medical Bills: Recent Trends Provide a Roadmap for Federal Policymakers (American Action Forum, 2020)
• State Approaches to Mitigating Surprise Out-of-Network Billing (Brookings, 2019)
• State Efforts to Protect Consumers from Balance Billing (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
• State Surprise Billing Laws in the 2019 Session (Families USA, 2019)
• States Are Taking New Steps to Protect Consumers from Balance Billing, But Federal Action Is Necessary to Fill Gaps (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
• States Lead on Surprise Medical Billing Protections, Congress Poised to Follow (National Academy for State Health Policy, 2019)
• Stopping Surprise Medical Bills – Federal Action Is Needed (Health Affairs Blog, 2017)
• Stopping Surprise Medical Bills – Federal Action Is Needed (Health Affairs Blog, 2017)
• Support Protecting Patients from Surprise Medical Bills But Oppose the Surprise Medical Billing Framework (California Medical Association, 2019)
• “Surprise” Out-of-Network Medical Bills (JAMA, 2020)
• Surprise Billing – 7 Principles to Fix a Broken System (American Medical Association, 2019)
• Surprise Bills, Benchmarks, and the Problem of Indexation (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Surprise Billing – No Surprise In View Of Network Complexity (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Surprise Billing Principles (American Hospital Association, 2019)
• Surprise Billing: Choose Patients Over Profits (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
• Surprise Medical Bills, the High Cost of Emergency Department Care, and the Effects on Patients (JAMA, 2019)
• Surprise Medical Bills (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2016)
• Surprise Medical Bills Survey (Consumer Reports, 2015)
• Surprise Medical Bills Take Advantage of Texans (Center on Public Policy Priorities, 2014)
• Surprise Medical Bills: An Overview of the Problem and Approaches to Address It (American Academy of Actuaries, 2019)
• Surprise Out-of-Network Medical Bills During In-Network Hospital Admissions Varied by State and Medical Specialty, 2016 (Health Care Cost Institute, 2019)
• Surprise! It’s a $164,000 Bill for Your Heart Attack (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
• Surprise! Out-of-Network Billing for Emergency Care in the United States (National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018)

T

• The Unfinished Business of Air Ambulance Bills (Health Affairs Blog, 2021)
• Taking the Disputes Out of Dispute Resolution: Lessons from State Balance Billing Laws (Center on Health Insurance Reforms, 2021)
• Taking the Surprise Out of Medical Bills (BlueCross BlueShield Association, 2019)
• Teasing Apart the Threads to the Surprise Billing Debate (FAIR Health, 2019)
• The No Surprises Act and Informed Financial Consent (New England Journal of Medicine, 2021)
• The No Surprises Act: Implications for States (CHIR Presentation to National Association of Insurance Commissioners, 2021)
• The Out-of-Network Consumer Protection, Transparency, Cost Containment, and Accountability Act Data Reporting (New Jersey Department of Banking and Insurance, 2021)
• The Out-of-Network Benefit – Problems and Policy Solutions (Inquiry, 2012)
• The Potential Pitfalls of Combating Surprise Billing (Cato Institute, 2019)
• The Price and Spending Impacts of Limits on Payments to Hospitals for Out-of-Network Care (RAND, 2020)
• The Underlying Causes of Surprise Medical Bills (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
• To Address Surprise Medical Billing, Use What Works (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)

U

• Understanding the No Surprises Act (Brookings, 2021)
• Unpacking the No Surprises Act: An Opportunity to Protect Millions (Health Affairs Blog, 2020)
• U.S. Statistics on Surprise Medical Billing (JAMA, 2020)
• Update on Federal Surprise Billing Legislation: Understanding a Flurry of New Proposals (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)

V

• Voter Attitudes Regarding the Surprise Medical Billing Debate (Arnold Ventures, 2019)

W

• What States Can Do to Address Out-of-Network Air Ambulance Bills (Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2020)

X

Y

Z