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Georgetown University | Center on Health Insurance Reforms
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General Resources

General Resources

Just getting up to speed on surprise medical bills? On this page you can explore the underlying cause of this complex issue.

  • “Surprise” Out-of-Network Medical Bills (JAMA, 2020)
  • New National Poll: Voters Want Permanent Surprise Billing Ban (Coalition Against Surprise Medical Billing, 2020)
  • Voter Attitudes Regarding the Surprise Medical Billing Debate (Arnold Ventures, 2019)
  • Surprise Medical Bills, the High Cost of Emergency Department Care, and the Effects on Patients (JAMA, 2019)
  • Surprise Medical Bills: An Overview of the Problem and Approaches to Address It (American Academy of Actuaries, 2019)
  • The Underlying Causes of Surprise Medical Bills (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
  • Addressing Surprise Medical Bills Without Raising the Cost of Health Care (RAND, 2019)
  • Surprise! It’s a $164,000 Bill for Your Heart Attack (Commonwealth Fund, 2019)
  • Surprise Billing – No Surprise In View Of Network Complexity (Health Affairs Blog, 2019)
  • Teasing Apart the Threads to the Surprise Billing Debate (FAIR Health, 2019)
  • Stopping Surprise Medical Bills – Federal Action Is Needed (Health Affairs Blog, 2017)
  • Out-of-Network Emergency-Physician Bills – An Unwelcome Surprise (New England Journal of Medicine, 2016)
  • The Out-of-Network Benefit – Problems and Policy Solutions (Inquiry, 2012)
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